Yuri S Smolkin
Associate Director, Division of Clinical Immunopathology 5725 Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Yuri S. Smolkin Professor of Immunology Institute for Continuing Medical Education Vise-President, Russian Association of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology Director, Clinical and Research Center of Allergy and Immunology Ostrovitianova St., Bldg. 6 Moscow 117513, Russia smolking dataforce.net Library of Congress Control Number 2007928315 ISBN 978-0-387-72004-3 e-ISBN 978-0-387-72005-0 Printed on...
References Whj
Bieber, T., de la Salle, H., Wollenberg, A., Hakimi, J., Chizzonite, R., Ring, J., Hanau, D. and de la Salle, C. 1992 Human epidermal Langerhans cells express the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E Fc epsilon RI . J. Exp. Med. 175, 1285-1290. Bonasio, R. and von Andrian, U.H. 2006 Generation, migration and function of circulating dendritic cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 18, 503-511. Cookson, W. 2004 The immunogenetics of asthma and eczema a new focus on the epithelium. Nat. Rev. Immunol....
References Xkb
Adams, M., Borysiewicz, L., Fiander, A., Man, S., Jasani, B., Navabi, H., Lipetz, C., Evans, A. S. and Mason, M. 2001 Clinical studies of human papilloma vaccines in pre-invasive and invasive cancer. Vaccine 19, 2549-2556. Adams, M., Navabi, H., Jasani, B., Man, S., Fiander, A., Evans, A. S., Donninger, C. and Mason, M. 2003 Dendritic cell DC based therapy for cervical cancer use of DC pulsed with tumour lysate and matured with a novel synthetic clinically non-toxic double stranded RNA analogue...
Experimental Procedures Ctu
To detect the effects of route of tumor administration on function and phenotype of DCs, three groups of C57BL 6 mice Taconic, USA N 6 group were studied. Group A was injected intraperitoneally IP , group B subcutaneously SC , and group C intravenously IV in the tail vein with 105 syngeneic EL-4 lymphoma cells in 0.2 ml of PBS. Three animals from each group were killed on the 7th and 14th day after lymphoma cell administration, and immunohistochemistry of lungs, livers, and spleens and of tumor...
New Approaches for Monitoring CTL Activity in Clinical Trials
Anatoli Malyguine, Susan Strobl, Liubov Zaritskaya, Michael Baseler, and Kimberly Shafer-Weaver Applied and Developmental Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, amalyguine ncifcrf.gov Abstract. We have developed a modification of the ELISPOT assay that measures Gran-zyme B GrB release from cytotoxic T lymphocytes CTLs . The GrB ELISPOT assay is a superior alternative to the 51Cr-release assay since it is significantly more sensitive and provides an...
Network of Myeloid DCs in AD
DCs as antigen-presenting cells are outposts of the immune system, which are located at the border zones of the body to the environment. Since they have been discovered over a century ago in 1868 by Paul Langerhans, they remained enigmatic and fascinated researchers all over the world Jolles 2002 . With the help of their dendrites, they form a sophisticated network within the epidermis and encounter foreign antigens. Subsequently, they internalize these antigens, secret cytokines, process them,...
Alarmins Initiate Host Defense
Joost J. Oppenheim1, Poonam Tewary1, Gonzalo de la Rosa1, and De Yang2 laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederic, MD, USA, Oppenhei ncifcrf.gov 2Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederic, MD, USA Abstract. In response to infection and or tissue injury, cells of the host innate immune system rapidly produce a variety of structurally distinct mediators we elect to call alarmins that not only function as potent effectors of innate defense but...
Role of IL1Mediated Inflammation in Tumor Angiogenesis
Elena Voronov, Yaron Carmi, and Ron N. Apte The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel, elena bgu.ac.il Abstract. Angiogenesis, or generation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is an integral part of many physiological or pathological processes, including tumor growth. Physiological angiogenesis is a complex process controlled by different proangiogenic as...
Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA, tfleisher mail.nih.gov Abstract. The clinical utility and capacity to evaluate immunologic function has evolved significantly over the past few decades. This chapter summarizes screening methods and more sophisticated approaches to assess the immune system when there is a suspicion of an immune deficiency. The clinical utility and capacity to evaluate immunologic function has evolved...
Mycobacterium Infections and Immunodeficiencies
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, less virulent Bacille Calmette-Guerin, and NTM cause severe diseases in patients with primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. Disseminated infection resulted from BCG vaccination, or contact with NTM is usually associated with immunologic defects in a patient Reichenbach et al. 2001 . The inherited impairment of anti-tuberculosis immunity results from genetic defects that lead to IFN-y, IL-12, or their receptor deficiency playing crucial roles in the immune response...
Cathelicidin LL37CRAMP
Human cathelicidin LL37 is the alpha helical C-terminal 37 amino acid peptide domain cleaved from the hCAP18 intact protein. LL37 has broad antimicrobial activities and just like the defensins is stored in the granules of neutrophils, monocytes, T cells and keratinocytes. In addition, LL37 and its mouse homologue CRAMP can be induced by danger signals and inflammatory cytokines secreted by the usual Golgi apparatus and ER pathway. LL37 is chemotactic and interacts with the FPRL1 GiPCR present...
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency II
LAD II syndrome results from a general defect in fucose metabolism, causing the absence of SLeX and other fucosylated ligands for the selectins. LAD II was first described in two unrelated Arab consanguineous parents Etzioni et al. 1992 . This is an extremely rare condition with only six patients reported Y akubenia and Wild 2006 . Affected children were born after uneventful pregnancies with normal height and weight. No delay in the separation of the umbilical cord was observed. They have...
Synthetic
2-arachidonoyl-glycerol 2-arachidonylglycerylether O-arachidonyl ethanolamine Figure 1. Cannabinoid-based drugs are either derived from the Cannabis plant or produced in the body from arachidonic acid. Many but not all have affinity for cannabinoid receptors. See text for explanation. suggested the existence of an endogenous ligand with similar activity and the isolation of the first of these was reported in 1992 Devane et al. 1992 . This so-called endocannabinoid was demonstrated to be the...
Reduced Number and Function of CD4CD25highFoxP3 Regulatory T Cells in Patients
Elena Yu. Lyssuk, Anna V. Torgashina, Sergey K. Soloviev, Evgeny L. Nassonov, and Svetlana N. Bykovskaia Laboratory of Cell Monitoring, Institution of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia, sbykovk mailcity.com Abstract. CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells Tregs play an important role in maintaining tolerance to self-antigens controlling occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Recently, it has been shown that the transcription factor forkhead box P3 FoxP3 is specifically...
A New Peptide Analogue for Treating Lupus Patients The Potential of Peptide P140
By testing a series of overlapping peptides, we identified an epitope present in residues 131-151 of the spliceosomal U1-70K small nuclear ribonucleoprotein snRNP , recognized very early by IgG antibodies and CD4 LN T cells from both H-2k MRL lpr and H-2d z BW lupus-prone mice Monneaux et al. 2000, 2001 . Fibroblasts transfected with MHC class II molecules were used to demonstrate that peptides 131-151 readily binds I-Ak, I-Ek, I-Ad and I-Ed murine MHC molecules Monneaux et al. 2000, 2001 . We...
Crosstalk Between Apoptosis and Antioxidants in Melanoma Vasculogenic Mimicry
Amalia Vartanian and Anatoly Yu. Baryshnikov Department of Experimental Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Tumors, Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia, amaliavartanian hotmail.com Abstract. The concept of vasculogenic mimicry VM was introduced to describe the unique ability of highly aggressive tumor cells to form capillary-like structure CLS and matrix-rich patterned network in three-dimensional cultures that mimic embryonic vasculogenic network. Here, we provide the experimental evidence...
Transmembrane Interactions as Immunotherapeutic Targets
Since it was first published in 2004 Sigalov 2004 , the SCHOOL model has revealed MIRR TM interactions as important therapeutic targets and provided a mechanistic explanation at the molecular level for specific processes behind out-side-in MIRR signaling that were unclear Sigalov 2004, 2005, 2006 . Examples include molecular mechanisms of action of the therapeutically important TCR TM peptides Enk and Knop 2000 Wang et al. 2002 Amon et al. 2006 Collier, et al. 2006 first introduced in 1997...
Y Y T t t IT
Figure 1. A Structural and functional organization of multichain immune recognition receptors MIRRs . Transmembrane interactions between MIRR ligand-binding and signaling components shown by solid arrow play a key role in receptor assembly and integrity on resting cells. B The Signaling Chain HOmoOLigomerization SCHOOL model proposing that the homooligomerization of signaling subunits plays a central role in triggering MIRR-mediated signal transduction. Small solid black arrows indicate...
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiencies Molecular Basis Clinical Findings and
Meyer Children Hospital and the Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, etzioni rambam.health.gov.il Abstract. Leukocyte trafficking from bloodstream to tissue is important for the continuous surveillance for foreign antigens, as well as for rapid leukocyte accumulation at sites of inflammatory response or tissue injury. Leukocyte interaction with vascular endothelial cells is a pivotal event in the inflammatory response and is mediated by several families of adhesion molecules....
Conclusion
Many vaccine approaches are undergoing testing at this time Table 2 . The increasing knowledge in tumor antigens provides new strategies in vaccine design. With this increasing knowledge and new strategies, we should be able to overcome the challenges of immunotherapy caused by the ability of cancer cells to evade immune recognition and destruction through genetic alterations. Possible solutions include treating patients at earlier stages, with the hope that the cancer cells will not have...
Sergey K. Soloviev Rheumatology Email
Preface and List of Contributing 1. Immune-Mediated Diseases Where Do We Michael R. Shurin and Yuri S. Smolkin Immunodeficiencies News and Updates 2. The Four Most Common Pediatric 3. Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-Linked Inheritance Model for 4. DiGeorge Syndrome Velocardiofacial Syndrome The Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion 5. Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiencies Molecular Basis, Clinical Findings, and Therapeutic 6. Nijmegen Breakage Irina Kondratenko, Olga Paschenko,...
List of Contributing Speakers
Maryam Aalamian-Matheis Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Michael Anderson Tumor Immunity and Tolerance Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA Ron N. Apte Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Natalia Aptsiauri Department of Clinical Analyes, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain...
References Lic
Antshel, K.M., Fremont, W., Roizen, N.J., Shprintzen, R., Higgins, A.M., Dhamoon, A. and Kates, W.R. 2006 ADHD, major depressive disorder, and simple phobias are prevalent psychiatric conditions in youth with velocardiofacial syndrome. J. Am. Acad. Child Ado-lesc. Psychiatry 45, 596-603. Bale, P.M. and Sotelo-Avila, C. 1993 Maldescent of the thymus 34 necropsy and 10 surgical cases, including 7 thymuses medial to the mandible. Pediatr. Pathol. 13, 181-190. Barnea-Goraly, N., Eliez, S., Menon,...